1. Aluminum alloy grades, codes, and comparison of domestic and foreign grades
There are more than 1,000 registered aluminum alloy grades in the world, and each grade has a variety of states, and there are obvious differences in hardness, strength, corrosion resistance, processability, weldability, and decoration. When choosing the grade and state of aluminum alloy, it is difficult to satisfy the above aspects at the same time, and it is not necessary. The priority order of various performances should be set according to the performance requirements of the product, the use environment, the processing process and other factors, so as to be reasonable. Material selection, before ensuring the performance is to control the cost reasonably.
Hardness: Many customers are very concerned about the purchase of aluminum, and the first choice of hardness is directly related to the chemical composition of the alloy. Secondly, different states also have a great influence. From the perspective of the highest hardness that can be achieved, the 7 series, 2 series, 4 series, 6 series, 5 series, 3 series, and 1 series decrease in order.
Hardness: Strength is an important factor that must be considered in product design, especially when aluminum alloy components are used as components, appropriate alloys should be selected according to the pressure they bear. Pure aluminum has the lowest strength, while 2-series and 7-series heat-treated alloys have the highest hardness, and there is a certain relationship between hardness and strength.
Corrosion resistance: Corrosion resistance includes chemical corrosion, stress corrosion resistance and other properties. Generally speaking, 1 series pure aluminum has the best corrosion resistance, 5 series performs well, followed by 3 series and 6 series, 2 series and 7 series are poor. The selection principle of corrosion resistance should be determined according to its use occasion. High-strength alloys are used in corrosive environments, and various anti-corrosion composite materials must be used.
Machinability: Machinability includes insert forming performance and cutting performance. Because the formability is related to the state, after selecting the aluminum alloy grade, it is necessary to consider the strength range of various states. Usually, high-strength materials are not easy to form. Taiguo needs to perform forming processes such as bending, stretching, and deep drawing on aluminum materials. The formability of the material in the annealed state is the best, and on the contrary, the formability of the material in the heat treatment state is the worst. The machinability of aluminum alloy is poor, and it needs better machinability for molds and mechanical parts. considerations.
Weldability: There is no problem with the weldability of most aluminum alloys, especially some 5 series aluminum alloys, which are specially designed for welding. Relatively speaking, some 2 series and 7 series aluminum alloys are more difficult to weld.
Decorative performance: when aluminum is used for decoration or some specific occasions, it needs to be anodized and painted on its surface to obtain the corresponding color and surface texture. At this time, its decorativeness should be considered mainly. In other words, materials with better corrosion resistance have excellent anodic treatment performance, surface treatment performance and coating performance.
Other characteristics: In addition to the above characteristics, there are also electrical conductivity, wear resistance, heat resistance, etc. It can also be considered when selecting materials.
Pure aluminum: 1XXX series is formed by adding a small amount of copper element to pure aluminum, which has excellent forming and processing characteristics, high corrosion resistance, good weldability and electrical conductivity. 1XXX series aluminum alloys are widely used in products that do not require high strength, such as chemical instruments, thin plate processing parts, deep drawing or spinning concave vessels, welding parts, heat exchangers, clock surfaces and disks, nameplates, kitchen utensils, decorations , Reflective appliances, etc.
1A99 1A97 1A95 1A93 1A90 1A85 1A80 1A80A 1070 1070A 1370A 1060 1050 1050A 1A50 1350 1145 1350 1A30 1160 1200 1235
1145 Packaging and insulating aluminum foil, heat exchangers
1199 Electrolytic capacitor foil, optically reflective deposited film
1350 wires, conductive strands, busbars, transformer strips
2 series: 2XXX series is a typical hard aluminum alloy in the aluminum-copper-magnesium system, its composition is relatively reasonable, and its comprehensive performance is good. This alloy is produced in many countries and is the largest amount of duralumin. The alloy is characterized by high strength and certain heat resistance, and can be used as working parts below 150°C. At temperatures above 125°C, the strength of 2XXX series alloys is higher than that of 7075 alloys. The formability is better in the hot state, annealed and new quenched state, and the strengthening effect of heat treatment is remarkable, but the heat treatment process is strict. The corrosion resistance is poor, but it can be effectively protected by covering it with pure aluminum; it is easy to produce cracks during welding, but it can be welded or riveted by special processes. Widely used in aircraft structures, rivets, truck hubs, propeller components and various other structural parts.
2A01 2A02 2A04 2A06 2A10 2A11 2A11 2A12 2A13 2A14 2A16 2A17 2A20 2A2A2A2A49 2A70 2A80 2A90 2014 2014 2014 2017A 2177 2218 2219 2024 2124 2124 2124
2011 Screws and machining products requiring good cutting performance
2014 Applied to occasions requiring high strength and hardness (including high temperature). Aircraft heavy, forgings, thick plates and extruded materials, wheels and structural elements, multi-stage rocket first stage fuel tanks and spacecraft parts, truck frames and suspension system parts
2017 is the first 2XXX series alloy to be applied in industry. The current application range is narrow, mainly for rivets, general mechanical parts, structural and transportation structural parts, propellers and accessories
2024 Aircraft structures, rivets, missile components, truck wheels, propeller elements, and various other structural parts
2036 Auto body sheet metal parts
2048 Aerospace vehicle structural parts and weapon structural parts
2124 Aerospace vehicle structural parts
2218 Aircraft engine and diesel engine pistons, aircraft engine cylinder heads, jet engine impellers and compressor rings
2219 Space rocket welding oxidant tank, supersonic aircraft skin and structural parts, the working temperature is -270~300℃. Good weldability, high fracture toughness, T8 state has high resistance to stress corrosion cracking
2319 Welding rod and filler solder for 2219 alloy
2618 Die forgings and free forgings. Pistons and Aero Engine Parts
2A01 Structural rivets with operating temperature less than or equal to 100°C
2A02 Axial compressor blades for turbojet engines with working temperature of 200~300℃
2A06 Aircraft structure with working temperature of 150~250℃ and aircraft structure rivets with working temperature of 125~250℃
2A10 has higher strength than 2A01 alloy and is used to manufacture aircraft structural rivets with working temperature less than or equal to 100°C
2A11 Medium-strength structural parts of aircraft, propeller blades, transportation vehicles and architectural structural parts. Medium strength bolts and rivets for aircraft
2A12 Aircraft skins, bulkheads, wing ribs, spars, rivets, etc., construction and transportation structural parts
2A14 Free forgings and die forgings with complex shapes
2A16 Aerospace aircraft parts with an operating temperature of 250~300°C, welding containers and airtight cockpits operating at room temperature and high temperature
2A17 Aircraft parts with working temperature of 225~250℃
2A50 Medium-strength parts with complex shapes
2A60 Aircraft engine compressor wheels, wind deflectors, fans, impellers, etc.
2A70 Aircraft skins, aircraft engine pistons, wind deflectors, wheels, etc.
2A80 Air compressor blades, impellers, pistons, expansion rings and other parts with high working temperature
2A90 Aero engine piston
3 series: 3XXX series are AL-Mn series alloys, which are the most widely used anti-rust aluminum. The strength of this alloy is not high (slightly higher than industrial pure aluminum), and it cannot be strengthened by heat treatment, so cold working method is used to improve it. Mechanical properties: high plasticity in the annealed state, good plasticity in semi-cold work hardening, low plasticity in cold work hardening, good corrosion resistance, good weldability, and poor machinability. Mainly used for low-load parts that require high plasticity and good weldability, working in liquid or gaseous media, such as mailboxes, gasoline or lubricating oil conduits, various liquid containers and other small-load parts made by deep drawing: The wire rod is used to make rivets. The 3XXX series aluminum plates have good formability, weldability and corrosion resistance. Used for processing parts that require good formability, high corrosion resistance and good weldability, or require both these properties and higher strength than 1XXX alloys, such as kitchen utensils, food and chemical product processing and Storage devices, tanks and tanks for transporting liquid products, various pressure vessels and pipes processed with thin plates, general utensils, heat sinks, cosmetic panels, photocopier rollers, and ship materials.
3A21 3003 3103 3004 3005 3105
3003 is used for processing parts that require good formability, high corrosion resistance and good weldability, or require both these properties and higher strength than 1XXX series alloys, such as kitchen utensils, food and chemical product processing and storage devices, tanks and tanks for transporting liquid products, various pressure vessels and pipes processed with thin plates
3004 All-aluminum pop can body, requiring parts with higher strength than 3003 alloy, chemical product production and storage devices, thin plate processing parts, construction processing parts, construction tools, various lamp parts
3105 Room partitions, baffles, movable room panels, gutters and downspouts, thin plate forming parts, bottle caps, bottle stoppers, etc.
Architectural decoration. The anodic oxide film is brighter than the oxide film on 3003 alloy, and is consistent with the tone of 6063 alloy.
4 series: 4xxx series aluminum rods represent 4A01 4000 series aluminum plates, which belong to the series with higher silicon content. Usually the silicon content is between 4.5-6.0%. It belongs to building materials, mechanical parts, forging materials, welding materials; low melting point, good corrosion resistance, product description: It has the characteristics of heat resistance and wear resistance
4A03 4A11 4A13 4A17 4004 4032 4043 4043A 4047 4047A
5 series:
① 5XXX series are high-magnesium alloys (5A06 (LF6) 5A05 (LF5), which have good strength, corrosion resistance and machinability among non-heat-treatable alloys. The surface is beautiful after anodizing. The arc welding performance is good. Among the 5XXX series alloys The main alloying element is magnesium, which has good corrosion resistance, weldability, and medium strength. The excellent corrosion resistance makes 5XXX series alloys widely used in marine applications such as ships, as well as automobiles, aircraft weldments, and subway light rails. Strict fireproof pressure vessels (such as liquid tank trucks, refrigerated trucks, refrigerated containers), refrigeration equipment, TV towers, drilling equipment, transportation equipment, missile parts, armor, etc.
② 5XXX series belong to Al-Mg-Si alloys (5083 "LF4", 5754, 5052), which have a wide range of applications, especially the construction industry is inseparable from this alloy, and it is the most promising alloy. Good corrosion resistance, excellent weldability, good cold workability, and medium strength. The main alloy element of 5XXX series is magnesium, which has good formability, corrosion resistance, weldability, and medium strength. It is used to manufacture aircraft fuel tanks, oil pipes, and sheet metal parts of transportation vehicles and ships, instruments, street lamp brackets and rivets. , hardware products, electrical enclosures, etc.
③ AL-Mn series alloy is the most widely used anti-rust aluminum. This alloy has high strength, especially fatigue resistance: high plasticity and corrosion resistance, and cannot be strengthened by heat treatment. When it is semi-cold hardened Good plasticity, low plasticity when cold work hardening, good corrosion resistance, good weldability, poor machinability, and can be polished. Mainly used for low-load parts that require high plasticity and good weldability, working in liquid or gaseous media, such as mailboxes, gasoline or lubricating oil conduits, various liquid containers and other small-load parts made by deep drawing: The wire is used to make rivets.
5A01 5A02 5A03 5A05 5A06 5B06 5A12 5A30 5A33 5A41 5A42 5A66 5005 5019 5050 5251 5052 5154 5154A 5454 5154A 5754 5056 5356 5825
5050 thin plate can be used as the lining plate of refrigerators and refrigerators, automobile air pipes, oil pipes and agricultural irrigation pipes; it can also process thick plates, pipes, bars, special-shaped materials and wires, etc.
5052 This alloy has good formability, corrosion resistance, candleability, fatigue strength and moderate static strength. It is used to manufacture aircraft fuel tanks, oil pipes, and sheet metal parts of transportation vehicles and ships, instruments, street lamp brackets and rivets. , hardware products, etc.
5056 magnesium alloy and cable sheath rivets, zippers, nails, etc.; aluminum-clad wire is widely used in processing agricultural insect trap covers, and other occasions that require high corrosion resistance
5083 is used in occasions that require high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as welded parts of ships, automobiles and aircraft plates; pressure vessels that require strict fire protection, refrigeration devices, TV towers, drilling equipment, transportation Transport equipment, missile components, armor, etc.
5086 is used in occasions requiring high corrosion resistance, good weldability and medium strength, such as ships, automobiles, aircraft, cryogenic equipment, TV towers, drilling rigs, transportation equipment, missile parts and decks, etc.
5154 Welded structures, storage tanks, pressure vessels, ship structures and offshore installations, transport tanks
5182 thin plate is used for processing can lids, automobile body panels, control panels, reinforcements, brackets and other parts
5252 is used to manufacture decorative parts with high strength, such as decorative parts of automobiles. Bright and transparent oxide film after anodizing
5254 Containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products
5356 Welding aluminum-magnesium alloy electrodes and wires with a magnesium content greater than 3%
5454 Welded structures, pressure vessels, piping for marine installations
5456 Armor plates, high-strength welded structures, storage tanks, pressure vessels, ship materials
5457 Polished and anodized decorative parts for automobiles and other equipment
5652 Storage containers for hydrogen peroxide and other chemical products
5657 Polished and anodized decorative parts of automobiles and other equipment, provided that in any case the material has a fine grain structure
5A02 Aircraft fuel tanks and conduits, welding wires, rivets, ship structural parts
5A03 medium strength welded structure, cold stamping parts, welding container, welding wire, can be used to replace 5A02 alloy
5A05 Welded structural parts, aircraft skin skeleton
5A06 Welded structures, cold forged parts, welded tension container stress parts, aircraft skin bone parts
5A12 Welded structural parts, bulletproof deck